Agencies withheld records needed to verify DOGE data safeguards, GAO says

The forgotten goal of labor policy: Make work better

<div class="Entry-content u-textFormat readmore_available" id="Entry-content">
<div class="before-content"></div>
Every Labor Day, politicians and cabinet secretaries praise American workers and recognize their importance to our nation. Yet millions of those workers remain excluded from the prosperity they helped create, trapped in jobs that offer low wages, unstable schedules, unsafe conditions and little opportunity to advance. In 2024, <a href="https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/research-publications/lowwagereport2024/">over 39 million</a> workers in the United States, roughly one in four, earned low wages, defined as less than $17 an hour, and the <a href="https://www.gallup.com/analytics/691241/american-job-quality-study.aspx">American Job Quality Study</a> found that 60% lacked quality jobs. 
Policymakers have largely responded to this crisis by helping workers survive bad jobs or escape them through training, rather than improving the jobs themselves. The question, then, should be: Instead of helping workers escape bad jobs, why aren’t Congress and federal agencies working to make the jobs our economy depends on better? 
One response has been to provide public benefits to people who work in bad jobs so that perhaps they might survive them. Nutrition assistance, income support and now health insurance safety net benefits are all conditioned on people working. The idea is that this will “encourage work.” But such policies can also enable jobs that pay so little that workers must rely on taxpayer-provided benefits for basic survival. 
The other response has been to offer workers education and training and a chance to leave these jobs. Unfortunately, the math on this one doesn’t pencil out. Nearly <a href="https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/education-summary.htm">60% of jobs don’t require education or training</a> beyond a high school degree, and that is not projected to change much in the coming decade. Many of these jobs offer low wages and poor working conditions. Unless the jobs themselves improve, a large share of workers will remain in them regardless of their skill level. Education and training have many benefits, and there are good arguments for investing more, but they cannot provide people with a pathway into jobs that are simply not there. 

But helping workers endure or leave bad jobs is not the only option available to the federal government. Using public policy to improve essential jobs is not a new idea. For much of the 20th century, as the country was industrializing and manufacturing employment grew, factory work was often dangerous and involved low pay for long hours. Policymakers didn’t suggest that workers go to school and try to move into something better. They recognized that the work of manufacturing was critical and that the goal of public policy should be to make those jobs safer, fairer and better paid. Congress enacted landmark protections, from the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/events/worker-power-and-the-national-labor-relations-act/">National Labor Relations Act</a> and the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/events/the-rewards-of-work-lessons-from-the-fair-labor-standards-act/">Fair Labor Standards Act</a> to <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/events/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act-fulfilling-the-promise-of-equal-opportunity/">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> and the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/events/the-occupational-and-safety-health-act-the-past-and-future-of-workers-well-being/">Occupational Safety and Health Act</a>, while federal agencies turned those protections into workplace standards and enforcement. Together, these efforts contributed to improved wages and working conditions and a more inclusive economy. 
These policies were imperfect, but they demonstrated that federal agencies and Congress together can make work better. What are the levers policymakers can pull today? Obviously, setting minimum standards is important. Revisiting and modernizing some of the regulations that set standards for basic livelihoods and the health and well-being of the country’s workforce sits within policymakers’ power and purview, and they should stop shirking their duty in this regard. 
Policymakers should also build support for better jobs into the business and economic development programs that they currently invest in. For example, Manufacturing Extension Partnerships (MEPs) are public-private partnerships supported by the Department of Commerce that provide consulting services to support manufacturers’ growth and competitiveness. These partnerships often focus on cutting waste and eliminating production bottlenecks. But an <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/genesis-at-work-evaluating-the-effects-of-manufacturing-extension-on-business-success-and-job-quality/">evaluation of one MEP</a> that added job quality strategies to its advising found better outcomes for manufacturers as well as better jobs for workers. 
Through the Small Business Administration, the country invests hundreds of millions in advising services, loan guarantees, grant programs and other initiatives intended to support small business. As major contributors to our economy, small businesses are responsible for employing nearly half the US workforce. Why not also help small businesses make their jobs better? In our work with <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/shared-success-final-evaluation-reports/">Community Development Financial Institutions</a>, we found that job coaching and advising helped small businesses improve the quality of their jobs and that jobs could be improved in ways that also were good for the business. 
Making work better needs to once again be an explicit goal of public policy. The quality of our working lives has a profound influence on the quality of our lives. If we want a stronger economy and a healthier society, if we want to rebuild the middle class, then essential jobs need to be better. 
Work is a human institution, governed by human decisions, laws, and norms. The state of work in the U.S. is not good, and policymakers have the tools to make it better. It’s time to make dignity at work an explicit goal of public policy. So let’s get to work. 
Maureen Conway serves as vice president at the Aspen Institute and executive director of the Institute’s <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/economic-opportunities-program/">Economic Opportunities Program</a> (EOP). EOP works to expand individuals’ opportunities to connect to quality work, start businesses, and build economic stability that provides the freedom to pursue opportunity. Maureen founded EOP’s <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/workforce-strategies-initiative/">Workforce Strategies Initiative</a> and has headed up workforce research at the Institute since 1999. Maureen also curates a public discussion series at the Institute, <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/economic-opportunities-program/opportunity-in-america/">Opportunity in America</a>, which brings together voices from business, labor, policy, human services, media, academia, and others to discuss the challenges experienced by many in today’s labor markets and new ideas for addressing these challenges. In addition, Maureen oversees EOP’s leadership development programs, which connect innovators, both within communities and from across the country, to peers working to help low- and moderate-income Americans access opportunity.

<div style="clear:both"></div> Copyright
 © 2026 Federal News Network. All rights reserved. This website is not intended for users located within the European Economic Area.
<div class="mobile-description">
<div class="more_gradient">

</div>
<div class="more_bottom"></div>
</div> </div>

Federal Movers & Shakers | September 4, 2026

Federal Movers & Shakers | August 28, 2026

White House looks to revamp cyber supply chain security data calls

<div class="Entry-content u-textFormat readmore_available" id="Entry-content">
<div class="before-content"></div>
The White House is reviewing how agencies report on their cyber supply chain security programs, with new metrics expected in the “near term” to get a better picture of shared risks, especially those related to foreign adversaries.
The White House Office of the Federal Chief Information Officer has been tasked with reviewing how agencies align with National Institute for Standards and Technology guidelines on “Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations.”
Those standards provide guidance on evaluating risks associated with products and services “that may potentially contain malicious functionality, are counterfeit, or are vulnerable due to poor manufacturing and development practices within the supply chain,” according to NIST.
Cheri Benedict, senior cyber supply chain advisor within the federal CIO’s office, said governmentwide compliance mechanisms for those NIST standards are due for an upgrade. They were last updated in the wake of the Strengthening and Enhancing Cyber-capabilities by Utilizing Risk Exposure (SECURE) Technology Act of 2018.

“We are now reviewing all practices and procedures as it relates to that to then inform the way forward,” Benedict said during a Tuesday webinar hosted by the Intelligence and National Security Alliance. “And in in the near future, agencies can expect a revamp of that data collection that tries to capture the status and perspective of maturity of their program, and moreover, not just that, but really helps us realize how we can better partner to move forward in common against threats.”
Benedict said the ongoing review of governmentwide standards is emphasizing “the sharing perspective and the perspective of shared risk.”
“There are many different risks, and we want all of it to be brought to bear if there’s a desire and shared perspective, but we especially focus on adversarial related risk, and that can take different forms and fashions,” she added. “But that is something that we want to prioritize as a federal government.”
The SECURE Technology Act of 2018 established the Federal Acquisition Security Council as an interagency body responsible for identifying supply chain risk management standards and guidelines. The council can also provide recommendations on issuing orders for excluding and removing vendors from government supply chains.
Last September, nearly seven years after the law’s passage, the Director of National Intelligence adopted a recommendation from the council to <a href="https://www.wiley.law/alert-First-FASC-Order-Could-Broadly-Impact-ICT-Supply-Chains-and-National-Security-in-Federal-Systems">issue the first</a> such removal and exclusion order against Acronis AG, a Switzerland-based technology firm. The order applies to intelligence community procurements and sensitive compartmented information systems.
House lawmakers on the Select Committee on China have <a href="https://oversight.house.gov/release/markup-wrap-up-oversight-committee-advances-legislation-to-modernize-and-streamline-federal-procurement-and-operations/">proposed</a> bipartisan legislation to update the FASC, including by moving it into the Executive Office of the President and providing it with dedicated staff to monitor high-risk foreign vendors and equipment across government.
Meanwhile, Benedict pointed to the Trump administration’s 2026 national cybersecurity strategy and its goal to “move away from adversary vendors and products, promoting and employing U.S. technologies.”

She said officials want to move to “left of boom” in supply chain security, where risky vendors and products are identified and excluded before they are embedded in U.S. government systems.
“That means that we have to do secure supply chain reviews even before award,” Benedict said. “And I know it’s tough. We already have such prolonged acquisition timelines, but to the extent that we are able to, especially for our high priority assets to be able to really secure better, we need to get left of boom and really be able to see deeper into our supply chain landscape, especially in the advent of AI.”
<div style="clear:both"></div> Copyright
 © 2026 Federal News Network. All rights reserved. This website is not intended for users located within the European Economic Area.
<div class="mobile-description">
<div class="more_gradient">

</div>
<div class="more_bottom"></div>
</div> </div>

Federal Movers & Shakers | August 7, 2026

Watchdog puts new numbers on the size of DOGE, but many details remain unknown as agencies refuse to turn over information

Decides which products and services federal agencies must buy from nonprofit agencies that employ people who are blind or have significant disabilities: it maintains the Procurement List published in the Federal Register and sets the fair market price for everything on it. Orders are distributed through two designated central nonprofit agencies.

AbilityOne Commission

Chairperson of the AbilityOne Commission

The Administration for Children and Families is an operating division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It administers federal programs that promote the economic and social well-being of children, youth, families, and communities, including Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Head Start, child care, child support enforcement, foster care and adoption assistance, refugee resettlement, and services for Native Americans. It was established in 1991 through a reorganization of the Department.

Administration for Children and Families

Alex J. Adams

The Administration for Community Living is an operating division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It administers programs that help older adults and people with disabilities live independently and participate in their communities, coordinating aging and disability services authorized largely by the Older Americans Act. It was created in 2012 by consolidating the Administration on Aging with offices serving people with disabilities.

Administration for Community Living

Administrator of the Administration for Community Living

Runs the aging services network created by the Older Americans Act: it funds state and area agencies on aging, which pay for congregate and home-delivered meals, in-home services and caregiver support. It also houses the long-term care ombudsman program and elder-rights protection work.

Administration on Aging

Mary Lazare

Sets policy and oversight for the federal child welfare and youth programs run by its two bureaus: the Children's Bureau, which administers foster care, adoption and child abuse prevention funding to states and tribes, and the Family and Youth Services Bureau, which funds runaway and homeless youth services and adolescent pregnancy prevention.

Administration on Children, Youth and Families

Cody Inman

The Administrative Conference of the United States is an independent federal agency that studies the administrative procedures of federal agencies and develops recommendations to improve the fairness, efficiency, and transparency of regulatory, benefit, and other government programs. Its members are drawn from federal agencies, academia, and private practice. It was established by the Administrative Conference Act of 1964 and operates under 5 U.S.C. 591 and following.

Administrative Conference of the United States

Presides over the Administrative Conference of the United States and is its chief executive, hiring and supervising the staff, preparing the Conference's budget estimates and serving as its official spokesman to the other branches. Appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate for a five-year term (5 U.S.C. 593(b), 595(c)).

Chairman of Administrative Conference of the United States

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts is the central administrative and support agency for the federal judiciary. It provides budget, human resources, technology, statistical, program, and management support to the United States courts and serves as the staff for the Judicial Conference of the United States. It was established by the Act of August 7, 1939, and operates under Chapter 41 of Title 28 of the United States Code, headed by a Director appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States.

Administrative Office of the United States Courts

Robert J. Conrad Jr.

Issues the government-wide procurement policies that bind executive agencies and oversees how agencies buy and the federal acquisition workforce. Appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy

Kevin Rhodes

Has authority over and responsibility for all NNSA programs, including the weapons laboratories, production plants and nonproliferation work. The office is held by the Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security, appointed by the President with Senate confirmation.

Administrator for Nuclear Security

Brandon Williams

Administrator of General Services, the institutional head of General Services Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 301); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of General Services

Edward C. Forst

Administrator of the Administration for Community Living, the institutional head of Administration for Community Living. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Department of Health and Human Services reorganization (2012); programs under the Older Americans Act of 1965; directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Directs the agency's national research programs and its network of laboratories and research centers, and decides which lines of in-house science USDA pursues. Selected within the Department rather than appointed by the President, reporting through the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics.

Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service

Joon Park

Administrator of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, the institutional head of Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. Appointed under Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296), 116 Stat. 2135; directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Mary G. Ryan

Directs BPA's power marketing, transmission operations and rate-setting, and makes the arrangements for the sale and disposition of the federal power the agency sells to Northwest utilities. Appointed by, and responsible to, the Secretary of Energy.

Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration

John L. Hairston

Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the institutional head of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Social Security Act, Titles XVIII and XIX (42 U.S.C. 1395, 1396); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Mehmet Oz

Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, the institutional head of Drug Enforcement Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973; directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration

Terrance C. Cole

Directs the government's central energy data and forecasting program and, by statute, publishes its statistical and forecasting reports without any other official's approval. Appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, from people specially qualified to manage an energy information system.

Administrator of the Energy Information Administration

Tristan Abbey

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the institutional head of Environmental Protection Agency. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970; directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

Lee M. Zeldin

Runs the agency's commodity, farm loan, disaster and conservation programs and its state and county office network. Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture; the post is not Senate-confirmed.

Administrator of the Farm Service Agency

William Beam

Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, the institutional head of Federal Aviation Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (72 Stat. 731); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration

Bryan Bedford

Runs FEMA and is the principal advisor to the President, the Homeland Security Council and the Secretary of Homeland Security on emergency management. Appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, from candidates with demonstrated emergency management ability and at least five years of executive leadership experience.

Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency

Cameron Hamilton

Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, the institutional head of Federal Highway Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 104); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration

Sean McMaster

Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, the institutional head of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999 (113 Stat. 1748; 49 U.S.C. 113); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

Derek D. Barrs

Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, the institutional head of Federal Railroad Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Department of Transportation Act of 1966 (49 U.S.C. 103); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration

David Fink

Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration, the institutional head of Federal Transit Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1968 (5 U.S.C. app.; 49 U.S.C. ch. 53); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration

Exercises the Secretary's authority under the Federal Meat Inspection Act, Poultry Products Inspection Act, Egg Products Inspection Act and Humane Slaughter Act, and directs the inspection workforce. Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture and reporting through the Under Secretary for Food Safety.

Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service

Justin Ransom

Runs the Foreign Agricultural Service and, by statute, also oversees the General Sales Manager and the Agricultural Attache Service, making the Administrator USDA's senior official on agricultural trade. The post is filled by the Secretary of Agriculture and is not Senate-confirmed.

Administrator of the Foreign Agricultural Service

Daniel Whitley

Administrator of the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the institutional head of Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation. Appointed by the President under Saint Lawrence Seaway Act of May 13, 1954 (33 U.S.C. 981-990); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

J. M. (Mike) McCoshen

Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, the institutional head of Health Resources and Services Administration. Appointed under Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration

Thomas J. Engels

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the institutional head of National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (Public Law 85-568); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jared Isaacman

Awards and administers the office's grants and judges whether states comply with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act's core protections. The Administrator is appointed by the President from among people with experience in juvenile justice programs.

Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Eileen M. Garry

Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the institutional head of Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Norman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act of 2004 (49 U.S.C. 108); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

Paul J. Roberti

Directs the federal crop insurance program and also serves as Manager of the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture; no Senate confirmation required.

Administrator of the Risk Management Agency

Patricia Swanson

Directs the agency's rural business loan, loan guarantee and grant programs under the Under Secretary for Rural Development. Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture; no Senate confirmation required.

Administrator of the Rural Business-Cooperative Service

J.R. Claeys

Directs the agency's rural housing and community facilities loan, guarantee and grant programs under the Under Secretary for Rural Development. Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture; no Senate confirmation required.

Administrator of the Rural Housing Service

George Kelly

Directs the agency's electric, telecommunications and water and waste lending programs. Appointed by the President; no Senate confirmation required.

Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service

Karl Elmshaeuser

Administrator of the Small Business Administration, the institutional head of Small Business Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Small Business Act of 1953 (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Small Business Administration

Kelly Loeffler

Runs the power marketing administration: negotiates its wholesale sales contracts, sets rates that repay the federal investment in the dams, and directs generation scheduling with the Corps. Appointed by the Secretary of Energy.

Administrator of the Southeastern Power Administration

Virgil G. Hobbs III

Runs the power marketing administration: negotiates its wholesale contracts, sets rates that repay the federal investment in the dams, and oversees its transmission system. Appointed by the Secretary of Energy.

Administrator of the Southwestern Power Administration

Mike Wech

Directs federal security screening at airports and security regulation across all transportation modes, and receives and distributes transportation security intelligence. Appointed by the President with Senate confirmation for a five-year term; the statute requires experience in transportation or security.

Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration

David P. Cummins

Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division, the institutional head of Wage and Hour Division. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 204); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division

Andrew Rogers

Runs WAPA's power marketing, rate setting and transmission operations, exercising on the Secretary's behalf the power marketing functions transferred from the Bureau of Reclamation. Appointed by the Secretary of Energy.

Administrator of the Western Area Power Administration

Tracey A. LeBeau

Funds high-risk energy research that industry will not finance on its own, awarding cost-shared projects to companies, universities and national laboratories and cutting them off when technical milestones are missed. Its targets are set by statute: energy imports, emissions, efficiency, nuclear waste, and the resilience of energy infrastructure.

Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

Conner Prochaska

Runs the Section 106 process, under which a federal agency must consider how a project it funds, permits or carries out would affect historic properties and consult states and tribes before proceeding. It writes the regulations for that review, joins the hardest cases itself, and advises the President and Congress.

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

Chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is an operating division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services within the Public Health Service. It produces evidence and funds research to make health care safer, higher in quality, more accessible, and more affordable, and works to ensure that the evidence is understood and used. It was established in 1999 under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act, succeeding the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, and is codified at 42 U.S.C. 299.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Roger D. Klein

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry is a public health agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, administered through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It evaluates and works to reduce human exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, spills, and other releases, conducts public health assessments, and studies the health effects of toxic exposures. It was authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Aaron Bernstein

Runs the Department of Agriculture's own laboratories: its scientists work on crop and livestock production, plant and animal disease, food safety, human nutrition and natural resource management. Results are published for public use rather than sold, and much of the work is done with land-grant universities.

Agricultural Research Service

Flies the aircraft and crews the vessels that Customs and Border Protection uses to detect, track and interdict smuggling and other unlawful cross-border activity. It is CBP's air and sea arm: the Border Patrol covers the land between ports of entry and the Office of Field Operations staffs the ports.

Air and Marine Operations

Jonathan P. Miller

Reviews court-martial convictions from the Air Force and Space Force, sitting in panels of at least three appellate military judges. It can affirm, modify or set aside findings and sentences, may hold a sentence inappropriately severe, and its decisions can be taken on to the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals

Provides graduate and professional education to Air Force and Space Force members and Department of the Air Force civilians: its graduate school awards master's and doctoral degrees in engineering, science and management, and its continuing-education schools train civil engineers, logisticians and strategic-force specialists.

Air Force Institute of Technology

James C. Bowers

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury. It collects federal excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and ammunition and regulates the production, labeling, advertising, and importation of alcohol and tobacco products. It was established on January 24, 2003, under the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which split the former Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and retained the tax and trade functions in the Treasury.

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Serves as the principal cyberspace policy official within State Department senior management and as the Secretary's adviser on cyber and digital issues, leading the Department's cyber diplomacy. Appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, with the rank and status of ambassador.

Ambassador at Large for Cyberspace and Digital Policy

Adam Cassady

Designs, builds and maintains the permanent American military cemeteries and memorials outside the United States - the graves, chapels, monuments and grounds where American war dead are buried or commemorated. It also controls the erection of other United States war memorials and monuments on foreign soil.

American Battle Monuments Commission

Chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission

The American Printing House for the Blind is a private nonprofit corporation that holds a federal charter and serves as the official national source of educational materials for students who are legally blind and enrolled in programs below the college level. It produces and distributes braille and large-print textbooks, educational aids, and assistive technology, funded through an annual federal appropriation administered by the Department of Education. It was chartered by Congress in 1879.

American Printing House for the Blind

Craig Meador

The President of the American Printing House for the Blind leads the Louisville nonprofit that manufactures and furnishes braille, large-print and tactile materials for the instruction of blind students, distributed to schools each year under a federal per-pupil quota (20 U.S.C. 101, 102). Its Board of Trustees selects the president.

President

Funds economic development in the Appalachian counties of thirteen states, approving grants for broadband and water infrastructure, workforce training and business development, mostly delivered through local development districts. It is run jointly by the governors of the member states and a federal co-chair.

Appalachian Regional Commission

Gayle Conelly Manchin

The Architect of the Capitol is a legislative branch agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol, the congressional office buildings, the Library of Congress buildings, the Supreme Court building, the United States Botanic Garden, and the grounds of the Capitol campus. The title refers to both the agency and the official who heads it. Permanent statutory authority for the office dates to the Act of August 15, 1876.

Architect of the Capitol

Thomas E. Austin

The Architect of the Capitol has the care and superintendence of the Capitol and maintains the buildings and grounds of the Capitol campus (2 U.S.C. 1812). A commission of congressional leaders and appropriations and administration committee members appoints the Architect to a renewable 10-year term and can remove the holder at any time (2 U.S.C. 1801a).

Archivist of the United States, the institutional head of National Archives and Records Administration. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under National Archives and Records Administration Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-497); directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Archivist of the United States

Bradford Pentony Wilson

Arctic Research Commission

Chairman of the Arctic Research Commission

Operates the two homes for retired and former enlisted members of the armed forces, Armed Forces Retirement Home-Washington and Armed Forces Retirement Home-Gulfport, providing residences, meals and graduated levels of health and long-term care. Eligibility is statutory, turning on length of service or wartime service.

Armed Forces Retirement Home

Stephen T. Rippe

Hears and decides contractors' appeals from the final decisions of Department of Defense and NASA contracting officers - disputes over payment, delay, termination and contract interpretation. Its full-time judges must have at least five years of experience in public contract law and are selected the way administrative law judges are.

Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals

Reviews court-martial convictions from the Army, sitting in panels of at least three appellate military judges. It can affirm, modify or set aside findings and sentences, may hold a sentence inappropriately severe, and its decisions can be taken on to the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

Army Court of Criminal Appeals

Heads the National Security Division and is the Justice Department's primary liaison to the Director of National Intelligence. One of the Senate-confirmed Assistant Attorneys General, designated for the role by the President (28 U.S.C. 507A).

Assistant Attorney General for National Security

John A. Eisenberg

Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs, the institutional head of Office of Justice Programs. Appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under Justice Assistance Act of 1984; directs the agency's staff, budget, and statutory functions.

Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs

Maureen A. Henneberg

Heads CBP's intelligence office and reports directly to the Commissioner, with responsibility for the agency's intelligence enterprise, its counterintelligence operations and its intelligence-sharing agreements. A career official, not a presidential appointee.

Assistant Commissioner, CBP Office of Intelligence

Ronald J. Ocker

Directs CBP's foreign initiatives, its personnel stationed abroad and its partnerships with foreign customs and border agencies, and reports directly to the Commissioner. A career official, not a presidential appointee.

Assistant Commissioner, CBP Office of International Affairs

James L. Collins

Runs CBP's internal investigations into misconduct by the agency's officers, agents and employees and its integrity programs, reporting directly to the Commissioner. A career official, not a presidential appointee.